close - phpMan

CLOSE(2)                   Linux Programmer's Manual                  CLOSE(2)



NAME
       close - close a file descriptor

SYNOPSIS
       #include <unistd.h>

       int close(int fd);

DESCRIPTION
       close()  closes  a file descriptor, so that it no longer refers to any file and may
       be reused.  Any record locks (see fcntl(2)) held on  the  file  it  was  associated
       with, and owned by the process, are removed (regardless of the file descriptor that
       was used to obtain the lock).

       If fd is the last copy of a particular file  descriptor  the  resources  associated
       with  it  are  freed;  if the descriptor was the last reference to a file which has
       been removed using unlink(2) the file is deleted.

RETURN VALUE
       close() returns zero on success.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appro-
       priately.

ERRORS
       EBADF  fd isn't a valid open file descriptor.

       EINTR  The close() call was interrupted by a signal.

       EIO    An I/O error occurred.

CONFORMING TO
       SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.

NOTES
       Not  checking the return value of close() is a common but nevertheless serious pro-
       gramming error.  It is quite possible that errors on a previous write(2)  operation
       are  first reported at the final close().  Not checking the return value when clos-
       ing the file may lead to silent loss of data.  This can especially be observed with
       NFS and with disk quota.

       A  successful close does not guarantee that the data has been successfully saved to
       disk, as the kernel defers writes. It is not common for a filesystem to  flush  the
       buffers  when  the stream is closed. If you need to be sure that the data is physi-
       cally stored use fsync(2).  (It will depend on the disk hardware at this point.)

SEE ALSO
       fcntl(2), fsync(2), open(2), shutdown(2), unlink(2), fclose(3)



                                  2001-12-13                          CLOSE(2)

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