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SETLOCALE(3) Linux Programmer's Manual SETLOCALE(3)
NAME
setlocale - set the current locale
SYNOPSIS
#include <locale.h>
char *setlocale(int category, const char *locale);
DESCRIPTION
The setlocale() function is used to set or query the program's current locale.
If locale is not NULL, the program's current locale is modified according to the
arguments. The argument category determines which parts of the program's current
locale should be modified.
LC_ALL for all of the locale.
LC_COLLATE
for regular expression matching (it determines the meaning of range expres-
sions and equivalence classes) and string collation.
LC_CTYPE
for regular expression matching, character classification, conversion, case-
sensitive comparison, and wide character functions.
LC_MESSAGES
for localizable natural-language messages.
LC_MONETARY
for monetary formatting.
LC_NUMERIC
for number formatting (such as the decimal point and the thousands separa-
tor).
LC_TIME
for time and date formatting.
The argument locale is a pointer to a character string containing the required set-
ting of category. Such a string is either a well-known constant like "C" or
"da_DK" (see below), or an opaque string that was returned by another call of set-
locale().
If locale is "", each part of the locale that should be modified is set according
to the environment variables. The details are implementation dependent. For glibc,
first (regardless of category), the environment variable LC_ALL is inspected, next
the environment variable with the same name as the category (LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE,
LC_MESSAGES, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME) and finally the environment variable
LANG. The first existing environment variable is used. If its value is not a
valid locale specification, the locale is unchanged, and setlocale() returns NULL.
The locale "C" or "POSIX" is a portable locale; its LC_CTYPE part corresponds to
the 7-bit ASCII character set.
A locale name is typically of the form language[_territory][.codeset][@modifier],
where language is an ISO 639 language code, territory is an ISO 3166 country code,
and codeset is a character set or encoding identifier like ISO-8859-1 or UTF-8.
For a list of all supported locales, try "locale -a", cf. locale(1).
If locale is NULL, the current locale is only queried, not modified.
On startup of the main program, the portable "C" locale is selected as default. A
program may be made portable to all locales by calling setlocale(LC_ALL, "" ) after
program initialization, by using the values returned from a localeconv() call for
locale-dependent information, by using the multi-byte and wide character functions
for text processing if MB_CUR_MAX > 1, and by using strcoll(), wcscoll() or
strxfrm(), wcsxfrm() to compare strings.
RETURN VALUE
A successful call to setlocale() returns an opaque string that corresponds to the
locale set. This string may be allocated in static storage. The string returned
is such that a subsequent call with that string and its associated category will
restore that part of the process's locale. The return value is NULL if the request
cannot be honored.
CONFORMING TO
C99, POSIX.1-2001.
NOTES
Linux (that is, GNU libc) supports the portable locales "C" and "POSIX". In the
good old days there used to be support for the European Latin-1 "ISO-8859-1" locale
(e.g. in libc-4.5.21 and libc-4.6.27), and the Russian "KOI-8" (more precisely,
"koi-8r") locale (e.g. in libc-4.6.27), so that having an environment variable
LC_CTYPE=ISO-8859-1 sufficed to make isprint() return the right answer. These days
non-English speaking Europeans have to work a bit harder, and must install actual
locale files.
SEE ALSO
locale(1), localedef(1), isalpha(3), localeconv(3), nl_langinfo(3), rpmatch(3),
strcoll(3), strftime(3), charsets(4), locale(7), nl_langinfo(3)
GNU 1999-07-04 SETLOCALE(3)
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