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PCRE(3)                              Library Functions Manual                             PCRE(3)



NAME
       PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions

       #include <pcre.h>

PCRE 16-BIT API BASIC FUNCTIONS

       pcre16 *pcre16_compile(PCRE_SPTR16 pattern, int options,
            const char **errptr, int *erroffset,
            const unsigned char *tableptr);

       pcre16 *pcre16_compile2(PCRE_SPTR16 pattern, int options,
            int *errorcodeptr,
            const char **errptr, int *erroffset,
            const unsigned char *tableptr);

       pcre16_extra *pcre16_study(const pcre16 *code, int options,
            const char **errptr);

       void pcre16_free_study(pcre16_extra *extra);

       int pcre16_exec(const pcre16 *code, const pcre16_extra *extra,
            PCRE_SPTR16 subject, int length, int startoffset,
            int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize);

       int pcre16_dfa_exec(const pcre16 *code, const pcre16_extra *extra,
            PCRE_SPTR16 subject, int length, int startoffset,
            int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize,
            int *workspace, int wscount);

PCRE 16-BIT API STRING EXTRACTION FUNCTIONS

       int pcre16_copy_named_substring(const pcre16 *code,
            PCRE_SPTR16 subject, int *ovector,
            int stringcount, PCRE_SPTR16 stringname,
            PCRE_UCHAR16 *buffer, int buffersize);

       int pcre16_copy_substring(PCRE_SPTR16 subject, int *ovector,
            int stringcount, int stringnumber, PCRE_UCHAR16 *buffer,
            int buffersize);

       int pcre16_get_named_substring(const pcre16 *code,
            PCRE_SPTR16 subject, int *ovector,
            int stringcount, PCRE_SPTR16 stringname,
            PCRE_SPTR16 *stringptr);

       int pcre16_get_stringnumber(const pcre16 *code,
            PCRE_SPTR16 name);

       int pcre16_get_stringtable_entries(const pcre16 *code,
            PCRE_SPTR16 name, PCRE_UCHAR16 **first, PCRE_UCHAR16 **last);

       int pcre16_get_substring(PCRE_SPTR16 subject, int *ovector,
            int stringcount, int stringnumber,
            PCRE_SPTR16 *stringptr);

       int pcre16_get_substring_list(PCRE_SPTR16 subject,
            int *ovector, int stringcount, PCRE_SPTR16 **listptr);

       void pcre16_free_substring(PCRE_SPTR16 stringptr);

       void pcre16_free_substring_list(PCRE_SPTR16 *stringptr);

PCRE 16-BIT API AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS

       pcre16_jit_stack *pcre16_jit_stack_alloc(int startsize, int maxsize);

       void pcre16_jit_stack_free(pcre16_jit_stack *stack);

       void pcre16_assign_jit_stack(pcre16_extra *extra,
            pcre16_jit_callback callback, void *data);

       const unsigned char *pcre16_maketables(void);

       int pcre16_fullinfo(const pcre16 *code, const pcre16_extra *extra,
            int what, void *where);

       int pcre16_refcount(pcre16 *code, int adjust);

       int pcre16_config(int what, void *where);

       const char *pcre16_version(void);

       int pcre16_pattern_to_host_byte_order(pcre16 *code,
            pcre16_extra *extra, const unsigned char *tables);

PCRE 16-BIT API INDIRECTED FUNCTIONS

       void *(*pcre16_malloc)(size_t);

       void (*pcre16_free)(void *);

       void *(*pcre16_stack_malloc)(size_t);

       void (*pcre16_stack_free)(void *);

       int (*pcre16_callout)(pcre16_callout_block *);

PCRE 16-BIT API 16-BIT-ONLY FUNCTION

       int pcre16_utf16_to_host_byte_order(PCRE_UCHAR16 *output,
            PCRE_SPTR16 input, int length, int *byte_order,
            int keep_boms);

THE PCRE 16-BIT LIBRARY

       Starting  with release 8.30, it is possible to compile a PCRE library that supports 16-bit
       character strings, including UTF-16 strings, as well as or instead of the  original  8-bit
       library.  The  majority  of the work to make this possible was done by Zoltan Herczeg. The
       two libraries contain identical sets of functions, used in exactly the same way. Only  the
       names of the functions and the data types of their arguments and results are different. To
       avoid over-complication and reduce the documentation maintenance load, most  of  the  PCRE
       documentation  describes  the 8-bit library, with only occasional references to the 16-bit
       library. This page describes what is different when you use the 16-bit library.

       WARNING: A single application can be linked with both libraries, but you  must  take  care
       when  processing  any particular pattern to use functions from just one library. For exam-
       ple, if you want to study a pattern that was compiled with pcre16_compile(), you  must  do
       so  with  pcre16_study(),  not  pcre_study(),  and  you  must  free  the  study  data with
       pcre16_free_study().

THE HEADER FILE

       There is only one header file, pcre.h. It contains prototypes for all the functions in all
       libraries, as well as definitions of flags, structures, error codes, etc.

THE LIBRARY NAME

       In  Unix-like systems, the 16-bit library is called libpcre16, and can normally be accesss
       by adding -lpcre16 to the command for linking an application that uses PCRE.

STRING TYPES

       In the 8-bit library, strings are passed to PCRE library functions  as  vectors  of  bytes
       with the C type "char *". In the 16-bit library, strings are passed as vectors of unsigned
       16-bit quantities.  The  macro  PCRE_UCHAR16  specifies  an  appropriate  data  type,  and
       PCRE_SPTR16  is  defined as "const PCRE_UCHAR16 *". In very many environments, "short int"
       is a 16-bit data type. When PCRE is built, it  defines  PCRE_UCHAR16  as  "unsigned  short
       int",  but checks that it really is a 16-bit data type. If it is not, the build fails with
       an error message telling the maintainer to modify the definition appropriately.

STRUCTURE TYPES

       The types of the opaque structures that are used for  compiled  16-bit  patterns  and  JIT
       stacks  are  pcre16  and  pcre16_jit_stack  respectively.  The type of the user-accessible
       structure that is returned by pcre16_study() is pcre16_extra, and the type of  the  struc-
       ture  that  is  used for passing data to a callout function is pcre16_callout_block. These
       structures contain the same fields, with the same names, as their 8-bit counterparts.  The
       only difference is that pointers to character strings are 16-bit instead of 8-bit types.

16-BIT FUNCTIONS

       For  every  function  in the 8-bit library there is a corresponding function in the 16-bit
       library with a name that starts with pcre16_ instead of pcre_. The prototypes  are  listed
       above.  In  addition, there is one extra function, pcre16_utf16_to_host_byte_order(). This
       is a utility function that converts a UTF-16 character string to host byte order if neces-
       sary.  The  other  16-bit  functions expect the strings they are passed to be in host byte
       order.

       The input and output arguments of pcre16_utf16_to_host_byte_order() may point to the  same
       address,  that is, conversion in place is supported. The output buffer must be at least as
       long as the input.

       The length argument specifies the number of 16-bit data units in the input string; a nega-
       tive value specifies a zero-terminated string.

       If  byte_order  is NULL, it is assumed that the string starts off in host byte order. This
       may be changed by byte-order marks (BOMs) anywhere in the string (commonly  as  the  first
       character).

       If  byte_order  is not NULL, a non-zero value of the integer to which it points means that
       the input starts off in host byte order, otherwise the opposite order is  assumed.  Again,
       BOMs in the string can change this. The final byte order is passed back at the end of pro-
       cessing.

       If keep_boms is not zero, byte-order mark characters (0xfeff) are copied into  the  output
       string. Otherwise they are discarded.

       The  result  of  the function is the number of 16-bit units placed into the output buffer,
       including the zero terminator if the string was zero-terminated.

SUBJECT STRING OFFSETS

       The offsets within subject strings that are returned by  the  matching  functions  are  in
       16-bit units rather than bytes.

NAMED SUBPATTERNS

       The  name-to-number translation table that is maintained for named subpatterns uses 16-bit
       characters. The pcre16_get_stringtable_entries() function returns the length of each entry
       in the table as the number of 16-bit data units.

OPTION NAMES

       There  are  two new general option names, PCRE_UTF16 and PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK, which corre-
       spond to PCRE_UTF8 and PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK in the 8-bit library. In fact, these new options
       define  the  same  bits  in  the options word. There is a discussion about the validity of
       UTF-16 strings in the pcreunicode page.

       For the pcre16_config() function there is an option PCRE_CONFIG_UTF16 that  returns  1  if
       UTF-16  support  is  configured,  otherwise 0. If this option is given to pcre_config() or
       pcre32_config(), or if the  PCRE_CONFIG_UTF8  or  PCRE_CONFIG_UTF32  option  is  given  to
       pcre16_config(), the result is the PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION error.

CHARACTER CODES

       In  16-bit  mode, when PCRE_UTF16 is not set, character values are treated in the same way
       as in 8-bit, non UTF-8 mode, except, of course, that they  can  range  from  0  to  0xffff
       instead  of  0  to  0xff.  Character  types for characters less than 0xff can therefore be
       influenced by the locale in the same way as before.  Characters  greater  than  0xff  have
       only one case, and no "type" (such as letter or digit).

       In UTF-16 mode, the character code is Unicode, in the range 0 to 0x10ffff, with the excep-
       tion of values in the range 0xd800 to 0xdfff because those are "surrogate" values that are
       used in pairs to encode values greater than 0xffff.

       A  UTF-16  string  can  indicate its endianness by special code knows as a byte-order mark
       (BOM). The PCRE functions do not handle this, expecting strings to be in host byte  order.
       A  utility function called pcre16_utf16_to_host_byte_order() is provided to help with this
       (see above).

ERROR NAMES

       The errors PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF16_OFFSET and PCRE_ERROR_SHORTUTF16 correspond to their  8-bit
       counterparts. The error PCRE_ERROR_BADMODE is given when a compiled pattern is passed to a
       function that processes patterns in the other mode, for example,  if  a  pattern  compiled
       with pcre_compile() is passed to pcre16_exec().

       There  are  new  error  codes  whose  names  begin  with PCRE_UTF16_ERR for invalid UTF-16
       strings, corresponding to the PCRE_UTF8_ERR codes for UTF-8 strings that are described  in
       the  section  entitled  "Reason codes for invalid UTF-8 strings" in the main pcreapi page.
       The UTF-16 errors are:

         PCRE_UTF16_ERR1  Missing low surrogate at end of string
         PCRE_UTF16_ERR2  Invalid low surrogate follows high surrogate
         PCRE_UTF16_ERR3  Isolated low surrogate
         PCRE_UTF16_ERR4  Non-character

ERROR TEXTS

       If there is an error while compiling a pattern, the error text  that  is  passed  back  by
       pcre16_compile() or pcre16_compile2() is still an 8-bit character string, zero-terminated.

CALLOUTS

       The  subject  and  mark  fields  in the callout block that is passed to a callout function
       point to 16-bit vectors.

TESTING

       The pcretest program continues to operate with 8-bit input and output files, but it can be
       used  for  testing the 16-bit library. If it is run with the command line option -16, pat-
       terns and subject strings are converted from 8-bit to 16-bit before being passed to  PCRE,
       and  the  16-bit  library  functions  are  used instead of the 8-bit ones. Returned 16-bit
       strings are converted to 8-bit for output. If both the 8-bit and the 32-bit libraries were
       not compiled, pcretest defaults to 16-bit and the -16 option is ignored.

       When  PCRE  is  being  built,  the  RunTest script that is called by "make check" uses the
       pcretest -C option to discover which of the 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit  libraries  has  been
       built, and runs the tests appropriately.

NOT SUPPORTED IN 16-BIT MODE

       Not  all  the features of the 8-bit library are available with the 16-bit library. The C++
       and POSIX wrapper functions support only the 8-bit library, and the pcregrep program is at
       present 8-bit only.

AUTHOR

       Philip Hazel
       University Computing Service
       Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.

REVISION

       Last updated: 08 November 2012
       Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge.



PCRE 8.32                                08 November 2012                                 PCRE(3)

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