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PCREPRECOMPILE(3) Library Functions Manual PCREPRECOMPILE(3)
NAME
PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions
SAVING AND RE-USING PRECOMPILED PCRE PATTERNS
If you are running an application that uses a large number of regular expression patterns,
it may be useful to store them in a precompiled form instead of having to compile them
every time the application is run. If you are not using any private character tables (see
the pcre_maketables() documentation), this is relatively straightforward. If you are using
private tables, it is a little bit more complicated. However, if you are using the just-
in-time optimization feature, it is not possible to save and reload the JIT data.
If you save compiled patterns to a file, you can copy them to a different host and run
them there. If the two hosts have different endianness (byte order), you should run the
pcre[16|32]_pattern_to_host_byte_order() function on the new host before trying to match
the pattern. The matching functions return PCRE_ERROR_BADENDIANNESS if they detect a pat-
tern with the wrong endianness.
Compiling regular expressions with one version of PCRE for use with a different version is
not guaranteed to work and may cause crashes, and saving and restoring a compiled pattern
loses any JIT optimization data.
SAVING A COMPILED PATTERN
The value returned by pcre[16|32]_compile() points to a single block of memory that holds
the compiled pattern and associated data. You can find the length of this block in bytes
by calling pcre[16|32]_fullinfo() with an argument of PCRE_INFO_SIZE. You can then save
the data in any appropriate manner. Here is sample code for the 8-bit library that com-
piles a pattern and writes it to a file. It assumes that the variable fd refers to a file
that is open for output:
int erroroffset, rc, size;
char *error;
pcre *re;
re = pcre_compile("my pattern", 0, &error, &erroroffset, NULL);
if (re == NULL) { ... handle errors ... }
rc = pcre_fullinfo(re, NULL, PCRE_INFO_SIZE, &size);
if (rc < 0) { ... handle errors ... }
rc = fwrite(re, 1, size, fd);
if (rc != size) { ... handle errors ... }
In this example, the bytes that comprise the compiled pattern are copied exactly. Note
that this is binary data that may contain any of the 256 possible byte values. On systems
that make a distinction between binary and non-binary data, be sure that the file is
opened for binary output.
If you want to write more than one pattern to a file, you will have to devise a way of
separating them. For binary data, preceding each pattern with its length is probably the
most straightforward approach. Another possibility is to write out the data in hexadecimal
instead of binary, one pattern to a line.
Saving compiled patterns in a file is only one possible way of storing them for later use.
They could equally well be saved in a database, or in the memory of some daemon process
that passes them via sockets to the processes that want them.
If the pattern has been studied, it is also possible to save the normal study data in a
similar way to the compiled pattern itself. However, if the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE was
used, the just-in-time data that is created cannot be saved because it is too dependent on
the current environment. When studying generates additional information,
pcre[16|32]_study() returns a pointer to a pcre[16|32]_extra data block. Its format is
defined in the section on matching a pattern in the pcreapi documentation. The study_data
field points to the binary study data, and this is what you must save (not the
pcre[16|32]_extra block itself). The length of the study data can be obtained by calling
pcre[16|32]_fullinfo() with an argument of PCRE_INFO_STUDYSIZE. Remember to check that
pcre[16|32]_study() did return a non-NULL value before trying to save the study data.
RE-USING A PRECOMPILED PATTERN
Re-using a precompiled pattern is straightforward. Having reloaded it into main memory,
called pcre[16|32]_pattern_to_host_byte_order() if necessary, you pass its pointer to
pcre[16|32]_exec() or pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec() in the usual way.
However, if you passed a pointer to custom character tables when the pattern was compiled
(the tableptr argument of pcre[16|32]_compile()), you must now pass a similar pointer to
pcre[16|32]_exec() or pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec(), because the value saved with the compiled
pattern will obviously be nonsense. A field in a pcre[16|32]_extra() block is used to pass
this data, as described in the section on matching a pattern in the pcreapi documentation.
If you did not provide custom character tables when the pattern was compiled, the pointer
in the compiled pattern is NULL, which causes the matching functions to use PCRE's inter-
nal tables. Thus, you do not need to take any special action at run time in this case.
If you saved study data with the compiled pattern, you need to create your own
pcre[16|32]_extra data block and set the study_data field to point to the reloaded study
data. You must also set the PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA bit in the flags field to indicate that
study data is present. Then pass the pcre[16|32]_extra block to the matching function in
the usual way. If the pattern was studied for just-in-time optimization, that data cannot
be saved, and so is lost by a save/restore cycle.
COMPATIBILITY WITH DIFFERENT PCRE RELEASES
In general, it is safest to recompile all saved patterns when you update to a new PCRE
release, though not all updates actually require this.
AUTHOR
Philip Hazel
University Computing Service
Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
REVISION
Last updated: 24 June 2012
Copyright (c) 1997-2012 University of Cambridge.
PCRE 8.30 24 June 2012 PCREPRECOMPILE(3)
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