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cronolog(1m) cronolog(1m)
NAME
cronolog - write log messages to log files named according to a template
SYNOPSIS
cronolog [OPTION]... template
DESCRIPTION
cronolog is a simple program that reads log messages from its input and writes them to a
set of output files, the names of which are constructed using a template and the current
date and time. The template uses the same format specifiers as the Unix date(1) command
(which are the same as the standard C strftime library function).
Before writing a message cronolog checks the time to see whether the current log file is
still valid and if not it closes the current file, expands the template using the current
date and time to generate a new file name, opens the new file (creating missing directo-
ries on the path of the new log file as needed unless the program is compiled with
-DDONT_CREATE_SUBDIRS) and calculates the time at which the new file will become invalid.
cronolog is intended to be used in conjunction with a Web server, such as Apache, to split
the access log into daily or monthly logs. For example the Apache configuration direc-
tives:
TransferLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog /www/logs/%Y/%m/%d/access.log"
ErrorLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog /www/logs/%Y/%m/%d/errors.log"
would instruct Apache to pipe its access and error log messages into separate copies of
cronolog, which would create new log files each day in a directory hierarchy structured by
date, i.e. on 31 December 1996 messages would be written to
/www/logs/1996/12/31/access.log
/www/logs/1996/12/31/errors.log
after midnight the files
/www/logs/1997/01/01/access.log
/www/logs/1997/01/01/errors.log
would be used, with the directories 1997, 1997/01 and 1997/01/01 being created if they did
not already exist. (Note that prior to version 1.2 Apache did not allow a program to be
specified as the argument of the ErrorLog directive.)
Options
accepts the following options and arguments:
-H NAME
--hardlink=NAME
maintain a hard link from NAME to the current log file.
-S NAME
--symlink=NAME
-l NAME
--link=NAME
maintain a symbolic link from NAME to the current log file.
-P NAME
--prevlink=NAME
maintain a symbolic link from NAME to the previous log file. Requires that the
--symlink option is specified, as cronolog renames the current link to the name
specified for the previous link.
-h
--help print a help message and then exit.
-p PERIOD
--period=PERIOD
specifies the period explicitly as an optional digit string followed by one of
units: seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks or months. The count cannot be greater
than the number of units in the next larger unit, i.e. you cannot specify "120 min-
utes", and for seconds, minutes and hours the count must be a factor of the next
higher unit, i.e you can specify 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, 20 or 30 minutes but not
say 7 minutes.
-d PERIOD
--delay=PERIOD
specifies the delay from the start of the period before the log file is rolled
over. For example specifying (explicitly or implicitly) a period of 15 minutes and
a delay of 5 minutes results in the log files being rotated at five past, twenty
past, twentyfive to and ten to each hour. The delay cannot be longer than the
period.
-o
--once-only
create single output log from template, which is not rotated.
-x FILE
--debug=FILE
write debug messages to FILE or to the standard error stream if FILE is "-". (See
the README file for more details.)
-s TIME
--start-time=TIME
pretend that the starting time is TIME (for debugging purposes). TIME should be
something like DD MONTH YYYY HH:MM:SS (the day and month are reversed if the ameri-
can option is specified). If the seconds are omitted then they are taken as zero
and if the hours and minutes are omitted then the time of day is taken as 00:00:00
(i.e. midnight). The day, month and year can be separated by spaces, hyphens (-)
or solidi (/).
-a
--american
Interprete the date part of the starting time the American way (month then day).
-e
--european
Interprete the date part of the starting time the European way (day then month).
This is the default.
-v
--version
print version information and exit.
Template format
Each character in the template represents a character in the expanded filename, except for
date and time format specifiers, which are replaced by their expansion. Format specifiers
consist of a `%' followed by one of the following characters:
% a literal % character
n a new-line character
t a horizontal tab character
Time fields:
H hour (00..23)
I hour (01..12)
p the locale's AM or PM indicator
M minute (00..59)
S second (00..61, which allows for leap seconds)
X the locale's time representation (e.g.: "15:12:47")
Z time zone (e.g. GMT), or nothing if the time zone cannot be determined
Date fields:
a the locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g.: Sun..Sat)
A the locale's full weekday name (e.g.: Sunday .. Saturday)
b the locale's abbreviated month name (e.g.: Jan .. Dec)
B the locale's full month name, (e.g.: January .. December)
c the locale's date and time (e.g.: "Sun Dec 15 14:12:47 GMT 1996")
d day of month (01 .. 31)
j day of year (001 .. 366)
m month (01 .. 12)
U week of the year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53, where week 1 is the week
containing the first Sunday of the year)
W week of the year with Monday as first day of week (00..53, where week 1 is the week
containing the first Monday of the year)
w day of week (0 .. 6, where 0 corresponds to Sunday)
x locale's date representation (e.g. today in April in Britain: "13/04/97")
y year without the century (00 .. 99)
Y year with the century (1970 .. 2038)
Other specifiers may be available depending on the C library's implementation of the strf-
time function.
SEE ALSO
apache(1m) date(1) strftime(3) environ(5)
More information and the latest version of cronolog can be obtained from
https://github.com/fordmason/cronolog
If you have any suggestions, bug reports, fixes, or enhancements, please mail them to the
author.
More about Apache
Documentation for the Apache http server is available from
http://www.apache.org
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
The functionality of cronolog could be built into Apache, thus saving the overhead of hav-
ing a process per log stream and that of transferring data from the server process to the
cronolog process. The main complication is handling the case where multiple log streams
are written to the same file (template), for example where different virtual servers write
to the same set of log files.
AUTHOR
Andrew Ford <A.Ford AT ford-mason.uk>
cronolog is based on a program called rotatelogs by Ben Laurie, which is packaged with the
Apache web server.
The symbolic link option was suggested by Juergen Lesny.
March 1998 cronolog(1m)
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On Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Under GNU General Public License
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